#2
Question: After graduation, you and 19 friends build a raft, sail to a deserted island, and start a new population, totally isolated form the world. Two of your friends carry (that is, are heterozygous for) the recessive cf allele, which in homozygotes causes cystic fibrosis/ Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the instance of cystic fibrosis on your island.
Known information:
20 people on island - so there are 40 alleles
2 are heterozygous - 2 recessive alleles in group
p + q = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Calculations:
2 alleles / 40 alleles = q
q = .05 frequency
People who have cystic fibrosis must have two recessive alleles, or q2 because the gene is recessive and only appears in those with two recessive alleles. Therefore, q2 = .052 = .0025, or 0.25%
Evolution by Natural Selection Quiz
#15
Question: Do you think that evolution by natural selection is occurring in this cactus population? Explain why or why not.
Answer: Yes, the right cactus survived and will be able to produce because of its mutation, spikes, that will then be passed on to its offspring. The left cactus, however, did not have this mutation, which made it more vulnerable to being eaten by an animal. Because it was eaten, it will not be able to reproduce and have offspring. Therefore, there will be more cacti with spikes and less without spikes.
Quiz #1B Basic Chemistry
#4
Question: What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 8 can make with Hydrogen?
Answer: Two Covalent Bonds.
Explanation: The element Hydrogen has two electrons, therefore both remain in its outer layer. An element with an atomic number of eight would have eight electrons, 2 in its inner shell, and six in its outer shell. The octet rule states that every element wants to have eight electrons in its outermost shell, in order to be most stable. Therefore, an element with an atomic number of eight will want to have two covalent bonds to fill its outermost shell and become stable.
Honors Biology Unit 1 Test
#9
Question: What is the reason why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water?
Answer: The majority of their bonds are non-polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages.
Explanation: Water's polarity works to break down substances by using its positive side to attract the positive side of other polar molecules, and its negative side to attract the negative side of other polar molecules. However, because hydrocarbons are not polar, the water cannot use this method to break it down because it cannot attract it.
#15
Question: Do you think that evolution by natural selection is occurring in this cactus population? Explain why or why not.
Answer: Yes, the right cactus survived and will be able to produce because of its mutation, spikes, that will then be passed on to its offspring. The left cactus, however, did not have this mutation, which made it more vulnerable to being eaten by an animal. Because it was eaten, it will not be able to reproduce and have offspring. Therefore, there will be more cacti with spikes and less without spikes.
Quiz #1B Basic Chemistry
#4
Question: What is the maximum number of covalent bonds an element with atomic number 8 can make with Hydrogen?
Answer: Two Covalent Bonds.
Explanation: The element Hydrogen has two electrons, therefore both remain in its outer layer. An element with an atomic number of eight would have eight electrons, 2 in its inner shell, and six in its outer shell. The octet rule states that every element wants to have eight electrons in its outermost shell, in order to be most stable. Therefore, an element with an atomic number of eight will want to have two covalent bonds to fill its outermost shell and become stable.
Honors Biology Unit 1 Test
#9
Question: What is the reason why hydrocarbons are not soluble in water?
Answer: The majority of their bonds are non-polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages.
Explanation: Water's polarity works to break down substances by using its positive side to attract the positive side of other polar molecules, and its negative side to attract the negative side of other polar molecules. However, because hydrocarbons are not polar, the water cannot use this method to break it down because it cannot attract it.
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